ASSESSMENT OF ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF Vitis vinifera AND Annona Cherimola SEED EXTRACTS AGAINST Staphylococcus aureus AND Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Sylvia Ngozi Oparachukwu
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, The Federal Polytechnic Bida, Niger State.
Medicinal plants are increasingly investigated as potential alternatives to synthetic antimicrobials. This study assessed the antibacterial effects of seed extracts of Vitis vinifera (grape) and Annona cherimola (cherimoya) against clinical isolates (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Seed powders (250g) were extracted with 70% ethanol, screened for phytochemicals, and tested for antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion at 100-12.5 mg/ml. Ciprofloxacin served as a positive control, while 0.1ml of 2% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was the negative control. Phytochemical screening revealed that Vitis vinifera seed extract contained flavonoids, tannins, phenols, terpenoids, glycosides and quinine-like compounds; Annona cherimola seed extract contained flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides and quinine-type compounds, but not tannins, phenols, alkaloids or saponins. The phytochemical screening indicates that the Vitis vinifera seed extract is richer in tannins and phenols than Annona cherimola seed extract thus, demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against both test organisms. Staphylococcus aureus was more sensitive, with minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations determined at 25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml, respectively. Conversely, Annona cherimola seed extract exhibited no significant antibacterial effect on both isolates. The results obtained in this study indicate that Vitis vinifera seeds contain bioactive constituents with potential antibacterial properties, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus. Vitis vinifera seed extract may therefore represent a promising natural candidate for the development of plant-based antimicrobial agents.